These are all of the alternative water supply Singapore has:

• water catchment areas


• Imported water supplies


• Recycled water


• Desalination plants


• ASR
  

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WATER CATCHMENT AREAS


These are some water catchment areas in Singapore. It includes resevoirs and rivers.

Reservoirs:

Present
Pandan Reservoir
Kranji Reservoir
Jurong Lake Reservoir
MacRitchie Reservoir
Upp Pierce Reservoir
Lower Pierce Reservoir
Bedok Reservoir
Upp Seletar Reservoir
Lower Seletar Reservoir


Future
Future Marina Reservoir
Future Pungol Reservoir
Future Serangoon Reservoir

Rivers:

Present
Sg Jurong River
Sg Pandan River
Sg Ulu Pandan River
Sg Peng Siang River
Sg Tengah River
Sg Kangkar River
Singapore River
Kallang River
Rochor River
Geyland River
Sg Bedok River
Sg Changi River
Sg Selarang River
Sg Loyang River
Sg Tampines River
Sg Api Api River
Sg Serangoon River
Sg Pinang River
Sg Tong Kang River
Sg Punggol River
Sg Seletar River
Sg Seletar Simpang River
Sg Khatib Bongsu River
Sg Sembawang River
Sg China River
Sg Mandai River
Sg Mandai Kechi River

Modern Singapore sources water from a network of reservoirs and water catchment areas. By 2001, there were 19 raw water reservoirs, 9 treatment works and 14 storage or service reservoirs locally to serve domestic needs.

A barrage has been constructed around the estuary of three Singapore rivers, creating a huge freshwater reservoir, the Marina Bay reservoir. When inaugurated at the end of October, 2008, it increased the rainfall catchment to two-thirds of the country's surface area from one half.

IMPORTED WATER SUPPLIES


For decades, Singapore has relied on importation from Malaysia to supply half of the water consumption in Singapore. However the two water agreements that supply Singapore this water are due to expire by 2011 and 2061 respectively and the two countries are engaged in a dispute on the price of water. Without a current resolution, the government of Singapore decided to increase self-sufficiency in its water supply.





RECYCLED WATER

NEWater is the brand name given to reclaimed water produced by Singapore's public utilities. More specifically, it is treated wastewater (sewage) that has been purified using dual-membrane (via microfiltration and reverse osmosis) and ultraviolet technologies, in addition to conventional water treatment processes. This meathod is very effective eventhough it expensive. Hoever it is sustainable in a long run.




DESALINATION PLANTS

Singapore opened its first desalination plant plant by Singspring, a fully-owned subsidiary of Hyflux. The plant, located at Tuas, produces 30 million gallons of water (136,380 m³) each day. Worth S$200 million, it is one of the biggest in the world and meets 10 percent of the country's water needs. The plant also produces bottled water called the Desal H2O. This meathod is a very expensive meathod to collect water.

ASR(Aquifer Storage and Recovery System)

Aquifer Storage and Recovery System (ASR)The ASR is the process of injecting water from the surface into a suitable underground aquifer for storage and re-supply. One of the advantages that the ASR has is that it can be used to store large volumes of water from wet periods (e.g. storm events) which can be stored with very little evaporation and can then be used at another time of the year when water is scarce. It is a suitable technology for urban environments where surface storage is limited, and demand is seasonal. ASR is likely to become a more common alternative source water supply in future.